企业规模、控制人性质与企业融资约束关系研究

融资约束不同的企业在承受利率冲击上存在较大差异。不同于以往研究,笔者以上市公司为研究对象,考察不同规模、不同控制人对融资约束的影响,探讨它们之间的相互关系。研究发现,随着规模的扩大,我国上市公司面临的融资约束也在增大,这与以往学者研究结果相悖;控制人性质与上市公司融资约束关系紧密,国有上市公司面临的融资约束大于非国有上市公司;我国股票市场在一定程度上能够还原企业面临的真实融资约束。     

投资者情绪对科技型企业R & D投入不足的校正效应

从自由现金流和股权融资约束出发,基于中国科技型上市企业2009-2016年面板数据分析投资者情绪对R&D投入不足的校正效应。研究结果表明：投资者情绪对科技型企业R&D投入不足具有校正效应;股权融资约束越小,投资者情绪对科技型企业R&D投入不足的校正效应越明显;自由现金流对校正效应的影响显著。通过企业异质性检验发现,国有、成熟、大型科技型企业的自由现金流会削弱投资者情绪对R&D投入不足的校正效应;非国有、年轻、中小科技型企业受到的股权融资约束越小,投资者情绪对R&D投入不足的校正效应越显著。     

政府补助、投融资约束与企业僵尸化

僵尸企业丧失活力但仍然存续,对国民经济效率具有严重的不利影响,清理僵尸企业是供给侧结构性改革的关键步骤。政府补助与僵尸企业形成的关系是当前供给侧结构性改革研究中的焦点问题之一。基于企业面临的主要约束类型,本文将企业划分为缺乏投资机会的投资机会约束企业和缺乏资金来源的融资约束企业,以2007—2016年A股上市公司为样本,研究不同约束类型下企业获得政府补助对企业僵尸化的影响。结果表明,政府补助更多拨付给投资机会约束企业而非融资约束企业;政府补助是企业僵尸化的推手之一,但仅在投资机会约束企业中显著;专用于扩大企业融资的融资补助对于投资机会约束企业僵尸化的作用较政府补助总额更为显著;政府补助总额与融资补助均未起到缓解融资约束企业僵尸化的作用。在控制反向因果的内生性问题、替换代理变量、滞后补助变量和对亏损企业样本僵尸化进行讨论的稳健性测试中,结果仍然显著。本文为政府补助与僵尸企业形成问题提供了企业面临主要约束这一异质性视角,并基于补助错配问题,提出优化政府补助政策与解决企业僵尸化问题的政策建议。     

节俭式创新的动因、特征与策略研究

随着新兴市场的崛起与全球可持续性问题的凸显,节俭式创新已成为跨国公司与新兴市场本土企业积极探索与采纳的创新形态。对该领域进行初步的理论探究,首先分析了节俭式创新兴起的市场、环境与技术3种驱动力量,进而从思维、资源、形式、领域与结果5个方面描述了其基本特征,最后归纳出4种相互联系的节俭式创新策略,既是对现有创新研究的丰富与拓展,也可为企业创新实践提供参考与借鉴。     

政策性负担、道德风险与预算软约束

本文在一个动态博弈的框架下 ,考察了政策性负担与转轨经济中企业的预算软约束问题。在信息不对称情况下 ,政策性负担将导致国有企业经理的道德风险 ,从而导致国有企业的低效率 ;当市场竞争达到一定程度时 ,政策性负担必然带来国有企业的预算软约束。而且 ,预算软约束同企业的公有制性质无关 ,在同样承担政策性负担的条件下 ,私有企业比国有企业更容易产生预算软约束 ,并且要求政府提供更多的补贴。当国有企业承担政策性负担时 ,政府剥夺企业的生产自主权往往是一种次优的制度安排     

金融危机背景下美国卖空监管法律制度改革述评

金融危机让2007年被取消的提价规则是否应当恢复成为美国卖空监管争议的焦点。该规则自1937年出台到废除在美国整整实行了70年。废除提价规则是证交会经过长期酝酿和论证后做出的改革,在危机根源没有确诊情况下,草率否定不仅破坏了监管政策与规则的连贯性,而且也给监管机构监管声誉造成永久伤害。但迫于公众的呼声和国会的压力,证交会不得不推出新的改革方案。分析美国卖空监管制度的演变与改革,本文有两个结论:一是监管政策稳定与连贯是维护金融稳定和提升监管声誉的必要保障;二是机制的灵活与动态适应能力是确保监管政策稳定与连贯的前提。     

Temporal and financial risk assessments: How time and money constrain shopper behavior and influence purchase solutions

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to better understand the constraints that make shopper behavior unique from consumers and how those constraints manifest themselves in retail purchase solutions.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized value laddering and phenomenological research methodologies to explore the data gathered from 39 interviews of male and female grocery shoppers.FindingsThis research examines the perceived constraints on shopper resources. The data reveal that all shoppers perceive themselves to be constrained by both finances and time. These findings hold across all income, age, and employment strata. As a result, price and convenience no longer function as segmentation tools. Instead, pricing and convenience become thresholds setting shopper “floor” expectations for retailers, service providers and brands.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was limited to grocery shoppers largely located in the southern US. Future research could expand on the variety of product categories and conditions explored, along with the cultural diversity of the participants.Practical implicationsShoppers' broader view of purchase relationships reduces the importance of transactional savings. Shopper consideration of total market basket value, allows for more focus on services and relationships to drive shopper value. Shopper constraints can result in purchase outcomes different than what consumer research would indicate.Originality/valueThis research is the first to examine elements which may constrain shoppers, particularly temporal and financial risk assessments, and how they impact shopper purchase solutions.     

Adverse effects of leverage and short-selling constraints in a financial market model with heterogeneous agents

This paper investigates the impact of leverage and short-selling constraints on financial market stability. Investors׳ demand is modelled in a well-known asset pricing model with heterogeneous beliefs. In particular, I generalise the heterogeneous agents model of Brock and Hommes (1998) and Anufriev and Tuinstra (2013) to allow for leverage constraints as well as a short-selling tax. I consider two examples of adaptive belief systems describing the coevolution of prices and investors׳ beliefs. First, if the market is inhabited by fundamentalist and chartist traders, demand constraints have potential adverse effects and may restrict the stabilising fundamentalist strategy such that mispricing and price volatility increase. Second, if the market is inhabited by fundamentalists, optimists and pessimists with fixed beliefs, demand constraints drive down price volatility, but mispricing remains. The results suggest the stabilising effects of demand constraints in financial markets are limited. Only if asset prices are too high compared to fundamentals, policy makers should consider constraining leverage ratios in order to deflate financial bubbles.     

我国经济转轨期软预算约束与通货膨胀分析

本文采用我国1989～2009年经济转轨时期的数据,对联立方程模型参数进行了重新估计,估计结果显示预算软约束依然是通货膨胀产生的原因之一,但是转轨时期软预算约束正逐步向硬约束转变,这个转变对社会消费尤其是居民消费产生很大影响。然后对2009年以来的通货膨胀问题与软预算约束以及结构扭曲之间的关系进行了研究,研究发现这一轮的物价上涨与经济结构严重失衡有密切的关系,并且预算软约束的存在使财政赤字和国债负担扩大,给经济运行带来了隐患和风险。